EU study maps investments to rebuild trade routes along the Trans-Caspian Corridor

On 6 February, the European Commission, as part of its cross‑regional Connectivity Agenda, published a meta-study highlighting where investment is needed to strengthen transport, trade, energy and digital connections along the Trans-Caspian Corridor.

The Trans-Caspian Corridor is a route of railways and ports linking Europe, Türkiye, the rest of the Black Sea, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia. The Corridor has become an alternative trade route connecting both continents. 

“Since 2022, trade on the route has quadrupled and with the right investments, it can triple by 2030,” the Directorate-General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood (DG ENEST) said in a press release.

The study highlights key stretches where infrastructure is missing, outdated or not fit for today’s volumes.

“Cargo on trade routes linking Europe and Asia via the South Caucasus and Türkiye is rising fast. But much of the infrastructure is old and outdated, so investment is urgently needed,” European Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos said. “That investment will only come if governments and businesses are clear on where it will pay off.” 

She added that the study showed where upgrades to rail, ports, border procedures, energy links and digital connectivity would make the biggest difference.

Transport and trade

To keep goods moving faster, the study recommends smoother, more aligned border rules. It points to public-private partnerships as essential to modernising infrastructure along the corridor. The study also notes the growing role of Ukraine and Moldova in Europe’s efforts to diversify and strengthen its wider transport network.

Energy

The study identifies opportunities to diversify energy links, ensure reliable electricity connections, and support decarbonisation efforts. It argues that stronger, modernised grids, alongside greater use of renewables, are essential to increase energy security in a changing geopolitical environment. It also encourages cooperation with experienced private-sector partners to deliver large-scale, reliable infrastructure.

Digital

In the context of growing strategic importance of secure data routes, the study calls for alternative fibre-optic corridors, fibre installation alongside energy and transport projects, and the creation of new internet exchange points. Satellite links are also highlighted as a resilience tool in areas where ground networks are weak. The study stresses working with trusted tech partners, improving cybersecurity, following European and international standards, and supporting emerging technologies, such as AI and local start-ups.

The Cross-Regional Connectivity Agenda aims to improve links between the EU and Central Asia through Türkiye and the South Caucasus by coordinating strategic investments and regulations.

The study was produced by the ‘EU4Digital Facility’, the EU’s regional programme supporting digital transformation and the harmonisation of digital markets in countries included in the Eastern Partnership.

Find out more

Press release