{"id":158907,"date":"2022-02-07T10:11:12","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T10:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euneighbourseast.eu\/?p=158907"},"modified":"2022-02-07T10:11:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T10:11:13","slug":"euvsdisinfo-demonteaza-sapte-dintre-cele-mai-populare-mituri-despre-conflictul-actual-dintre-rusia-si-ucraina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euneighbourseast.eu\/ro\/news\/latest-news\/euvsdisinfo-demonteaza-sapte-dintre-cele-mai-populare-mituri-despre-conflictul-actual-dintre-rusia-si-ucraina\/","title":{"rendered":"EUvsDisinfo demonteaz\u0103 \u0219apte dintre cele mai populare mituri despre conflictul actual dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ucraina apar\u021bine Rusiei, iar conflictul este din vina NATO, a Occidentului \u0219i a Ucrainei \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, afirm\u0103 presa pro-Kremlin, care acoper\u0103 actualul conflict dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina. Ca reac\u021bie la acest nou val de dezinformare r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit de Rusia, principala ini\u021biativ\u0103 a UE de combatere a dezinform\u0103rii, EUvsDisinfo<\/a>, a adunat cele mai frecvente \u0219i mai periculoase mituri – \u0219i adesea minciuni.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 1: Tensiunile actuale sunt rezultatul unui comportament agresiv persistent al Ucrainei \u0219i al alia\u021bilor s\u0103i din Occident. Rusia nu face altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i apere interesele legitime \u0219i nu poart\u0103 responsabilitatea pentru acest conflict<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals<\/em><\/strong>. Adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 Rusia continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eencalce dreptul interna\u021bional, precum \u0219i alte acorduri pe care s-a angajat s\u0103 le respecte. Prin anexarea ilegal\u0103 a peninsulei Crimeea \u0219i prin comiterea de acte de agresiune armat\u0103 \u00eempotriva Ucrainei, Rusia, care se num\u0103r\u0103 printre membrii permanen\u021bi ai Consiliului de Securitate al ONU, a \u00eenc\u0103lcat cel pu\u021bin 12 tratate interna\u021bionale \u0219i bilaterale. Cu alte cuvinte, ac\u021biunile Rusiei de subminare \u0219i amenin\u021bare a integrit\u0103\u021bii teritoriale, a suveranit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a independen\u021bei Ucrainei, \u00een special \u00een Donbas, sunt ilegale. Acestea continu\u0103 s\u0103 amenin\u021be ordinea de securitate european\u0103 \u00een esen\u021ba sa \u0219i pun \u00een pericol ordinea interna\u021bional\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe reguli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te victimele, din 2014, agresiunea Rusiei a ucis aproximativ 14.000 de ucraineni \u0219i a r\u0103nit mult mai mul\u021bi. De asemenea, conflictul a provocat str\u0103mutarea a peste 1,5 milioane de locuitori (persoane str\u0103mutate interna\u021bional) din peninsula Crimeea \u0219i din estul Ucrainei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 2: Situa\u021bia din Ucraina a declan\u0219at acest conflict. Exist\u0103 dovezi c\u0103 Ucraina comite atrocit\u0103\u021bi \u00eempotriva popula\u021biei vorbitoare de limb\u0103 rus\u0103 din estul \u021b\u0103rii. Rusia trebuie s\u0103 intervin\u0103, nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd pentru c\u0103 Ucraina \u0219i Rusia formeaz\u0103 \u201eo singur\u0103 na\u021biune\u201d. Ucraina apar\u021bine pur \u0219i simplu a\u0219a-numitei \u201esfere de influen\u021b\u0103 privilegiate\u201d a Rusiei<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals<\/em><\/strong>. Nu exist\u0103 nicio dovad\u0103 c\u0103 locuitorii vorbitori de limb\u0103 rus\u0103 sau de etnie rus\u0103 din estul Ucrainei se confrunt\u0103 cu persecu\u021bii – ca s\u0103 nu mai vorbim de genocid – din partea autorit\u0103\u021bilor ucrainene. Acest lucru a fost confirmat \u00een rapoartele publicate de Consiliul Europei<\/a>, de \u00cenaltul Comisar al ONU pentru Drepturile Omului<\/a> \u0219i de OSCE<\/a>. Dar pentru a galvaniza sprijinul intern pentru agresiunea militar\u0103 a Rusiei, mass-media controlat\u0103 de statul rus \u00eencearc\u0103 \u00een mod constant s\u0103 def\u0103imeze Ucraina, acuz\u00e2nd-o de un presupus genocid<\/a> \u00een estul Ucrainei, f\u0103c\u00e2nd paralele nefondate cu nazismul \u0219i cu cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/a> \u0219i fabric\u00e2nd istorii menite s\u0103 ating\u0103 o coard\u0103 emo\u021bional\u0103 negativ\u0103 a publicului (de exemplu, povestea fabricat\u0103 care acuz\u0103 for\u021bele ucrainene c\u0103 au crucificat un b\u0103iat <\/a>\u00een estul Ucrainei \u0219i care a fost dezmin\u021bit\u0103<\/a> de verificatori de fapte).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afirma\u021bia des folosit\u0103 c\u0103 Ucraina \u0219i Rusia ar fi \u201eo singur\u0103 na\u021biune\u201d este unul dintre cele mai vechi \u0219i mai ad\u00e2nc \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinate mituri folosite \u00eempotriva Ucrainei. De\u0219i au r\u0103d\u0103cini comune care dateaz\u0103 din Rusia Kievean\u0103, care a existat din secolul al IX-lea p\u00e2n\u0103 la mijlocul secolului al XIII-lea, nu se justific\u0103 s\u0103 sus\u021binem, 800 de ani mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u0103 ucrainenii \u0219i ru\u0219ii apar\u021bin aceleia\u0219i na\u021biuni. \u00cen ciuda unor perioade lungi de domina\u021bie str\u0103in\u0103, Ucraina are o cultur\u0103 \u0219i o identitate na\u021bional\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i este o \u021bar\u0103 suveran\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No\u021biunea de \u201ena\u021biune ruseasc\u0103\u201d f\u0103r\u0103 frontiere politice este o construc\u021bie ideologic\u0103 care dateaz\u0103 din epoca imperial\u0103<\/a> \u0219i a fost folosit\u0103 ca instrument pentru a submina suveranitatea \u0219i identitatea na\u021bional\u0103 ucrainean\u0103.  Din 2014, guvernul rus cultiv\u0103 acest mit cu o vigoare re\u00eennoit\u0103, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a-\u0219i ra\u021bionaliza \u0219i justifica agresiunea militar\u0103 \u00eempotriva Ucrainei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a promova ideea c\u0103 Ucraina apar\u021bine \u201esferei de influen\u021b\u0103\u201d a Rusiei, autorit\u0103\u021bile ruse \u0219i mass-media controlate de stat sus\u021bin frecvent c\u0103 Ucraina nu este un stat \u201eadev\u0103rat\u201d<\/a>. Propaganda rus\u0103 sponsorizat\u0103 de stat \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 denatureze istoria pentru a legitima ideea c\u0103 Ucraina apar\u021bine sferei naturale de interese a Rusiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 3: \u00cen orice caz, Ucraina ar trebui s\u0103 se \u00eendrepte spre Rusia, deoarece UE \u0219i Occidentul nu sunt interesate de aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i au abandonat-o<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals<\/em><\/strong>. UE are un parteneriat strategic cu Ucraina. De fapt, Ucraina a devenit unul dintre cei mai apropia\u021bi parteneri ai UE, un parteneriat consolidat \u00een ultimii ani prin Acordul de asociere UE-Ucraina \u0219i prin Zona de liber schimb aprofundat \u0219i cuprinz\u0103tor<\/a>. \u00cen prezent, UE este cel mai mare partener comercial al Ucrainei, reprezent\u00e2nd peste 40 % din schimburile comerciale ale acesteia. UE sus\u021bine o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de programe \u00een Ucraina \u00een cadrul Parteneriatului estic<\/a> al UE \u0219i sprijin\u0103 Ucraina \u00een punerea \u00een aplicare a agendei sale de reform\u0103. Din 2014, UE a acordat Ucrainei 17 miliarde de euro sub form\u0103 de \u00eemprumuturi \u0219i granturi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cencep\u00e2nd din 2014, UE sprijin\u0103 ferm suveranitatea, integritatea teritorial\u0103 \u0219i independen\u021ba Ucrainei \u00een cadrul grani\u021belor sale recunoscute la nivel interna\u021bional \u0219i a impus m\u0103suri restrictive<\/a> \u00eempotriva Rusiei pentru destabilizarea deliberat\u0103 a Ucrainei, inclusiv \u00een peninsula Crimeea. De asemenea, UE sprijin\u0103 Ucraina \u00een consolidarea rezilien\u021bei sale la dezinformare \u0219i la atacurile cibernetice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 4: Criza actual\u0103 este din vina NATO \u0219i a Occidentului. Dac\u0103 \u0219i-ar fi respectat promisiunea de a nu extinde alian\u021ba, Rusia nu s-ar fi sim\u021bit amenin\u021bat\u0103.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals<\/em><\/strong>. NATO nu a f\u0103cut niciodat\u0103 o astfel de promisiune \u0219i nici nu i s-a cerut niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 o fac\u0103. Presa rus\u0103 controlat\u0103 de stat a afirmat adesea c\u0103 liderului sovietic Mihail Gorbaciov i s-a promis \u201everbal\u201d c\u0103 NATO nu se va extinde dincolo de Germania reunificat\u0103. De fapt, Gorbaciov \u00eensu\u0219i a negat aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie \u00eentr-un interviu<\/a> din 2014, spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 „subiectul \u00abexpansiunii NATO\u00bb nu a fost dezb\u0103tut deloc \u0219i nu a fost men\u021bionat \u00een acei ani”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Membrii NATO nu \u0219i-au luat niciodat\u0103 angajamente politice sau juridice obligatorii<\/a> de a nu extinde alian\u021ba dincolo de grani\u021bele Germaniei reunificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen plus, afirma\u021bia potrivit c\u0103reia NATO ar fi promis c\u0103 nu se va extinde prezint\u0103 o imagine fundamental denaturat\u0103 a alian\u021bei. NATO, ca alian\u021b\u0103 defensiv\u0103, nu se \u201eextinde\u201d \u00een sens imperialist. Deciziile referitoare la aderarea la NATO sunt luate de c\u0103tre fiecare candidat \u00een parte \u0219i de c\u0103tre cei 30 de alia\u021bi actuali din cadrul NATO. Fiecare stat suveran \u00ee\u0219i poate alege calea, iar statele limitrofe \u2013 \u00een acest caz, Rusia \u2013 nu au dreptul de a interveni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 5: Din cauza expansiunii agresive a NATO, Rusia este acum \u00ab\u00eencercuit\u0103 de du\u0219mani\u00bb \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 se apere singur\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals.<\/em><\/strong> De fapt, UE \u0219i Ucraina sunt sus\u021bin\u0103tori fermi ai ordinii de securitate europene stabilite. \u00cen plus, Rusia este cea mai mare \u021bar\u0103 din lume din punct de vedere geografic, mai pu\u021bin de o \u0219aisprezecime din frontiera terestr\u0103 a Rusiei este cu membrii NATO. Dintre cele 14 \u021b\u0103ri cu care se \u00eenvecineaz\u0103 Rusia, doar cinci sunt membre ale NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De asemenea, nu exist\u0103 niciun argument care s\u0103 sugereze c\u0103 for\u021ba militar\u0103 este singura solu\u021bie. Exist\u0103 mai multe organiza\u021bii interna\u021bionale, acorduri bilaterale \u0219i formate \u00een care Rusia se poate angaja \u00eentr-un dialog colaborativ \u0219i pa\u0219nic \u2013 de exemplu, \u00een cadrul OSCE \u0219i al regimurilor de control al armelor. UE men\u021bine deschise canalele de comunicare cu Rusia ca parte integrant\u0103 a politicii UE privind Rusia, care cuprinde cinci principii directoare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 6: \u00cen orice caz, Rusia nu este responsabil\u0103 pentru tensiunile actuale din Ucraina. Ucraina a \u00eenc\u0103lcat \u00een mod deliberat acordurile de la Minsk, iar Occidentul continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenarmeze Ucraina. Rusia trebuie s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze rapid, ap\u0103r\u00e2ndu-\u0219i grani\u021bele. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fals.<\/em><\/strong> De fapt, Rusia este cea care a adunat 140 000 de solda\u021bi \u0219i echipamente militare la grani\u021bele Ucrainei, inclusiv \u00een peninsula Crimeea, anexat\u0103 ilegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusia este parte la acordurile de la Minsk, iar acestea sunt cele mai recente documente oficiale \u00een care Rusia a afirmat suveranitatea \u0219i integritatea teritorial\u0103 a Ucrainei. Cu toate acestea, Rusia nu \u0219i-a respectat partea sa de punere \u00een aplicare a acordurilor de la Minsk: Kremlinul \u0219i reprezentan\u021bii s\u0103i nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 implementeze o \u00eencetare a focului, s\u0103 retrag\u0103 toate armele grele, s\u0103 realizeze integral schimbul de prizonieri politici \u0219i s\u0103 asigure furnizarea de asisten\u021b\u0103 umanitar\u0103 pe baza unui mecanism interna\u021bional. Dimpotriv\u0103, Rusia consolideaz\u0103 forma\u021biunile armate ilegale din estul Ucrainei \u0219i nu permite accesul ne\u00eengr\u0103dit al monitorilor misiunii speciale de monitorizare a OSCE, inclusiv la frontiera dintre Ucraina \u0219i Rusia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, Ucraina a pus \u00een aplicare, din acordurile de la Minsk, c\u00e2t de mult a putut \u00een mod rezonabil f\u0103r\u0103 a de\u021bine controlul asupra teritoriului \u0219i a abordat fiecare punct. A adoptat \u2013 \u0219i a prelungit prin re\u00eennoiri \u2013 acte legislative privind statutul special \u0219i amnistia (2014), a preg\u0103tit proiectul de lege privind alegerile locale (2014) \u0219i a adoptat amendamente constitu\u021bionale pentru a oferi mai mult\u0103 autonomie teritoriilor care nu se afl\u0103 \u00een prezent sub controlul s\u0103u (2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitul 7: \u00cen orice caz, UE este slab\u0103 \u0219i irelevant\u0103. De ce s\u0103 ne mai obosim s\u0103 vorbim cu UE?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fals.<\/em><\/strong> Oficialii ru\u0219i \u0219i mass-media de stat prezint\u0103 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit UE ca fiind irelevant\u0103 \u0219i incapabil\u0103 s\u0103 gestioneze crizele. \u00cen ianuarie 2022, ministrul de externe Serghei Lavrov a mers at\u00e2t de departe \u00eenc\u00e2t a acuzat UE de \u201eimpoten\u021b\u0103\u201d. Faptul c\u0103 Europa s-a bucurat de pace de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul celui de Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial este o dovad\u0103 suficient\u0103 pentru a respinge aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie. UE, \u00een coordonare cu ONU, NATO, OSCE, Consiliul Europei, membrii G7 \u0219i al\u021bi parteneri interna\u021bionali, a adus contribu\u021bii tangibile la pace \u0219i securitate \u00een regiunea european\u0103 extins\u0103 \u0219i \u00een afara acesteia, inclusiv \u00een Ucraina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afl\u0103 mai multe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citi\u021bi articolul \u00een \u00eentregime<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ucraina apar\u021bine Rusiei, iar conflictul este din vina NATO, a Occidentului \u0219i a Ucrainei \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, afirm\u0103 presa pro-Kremlin, care acoper\u0103 actualul conflict dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina. Ca reac\u021bie la acest nou val de dezinformare r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit de Rusia, principala ini\u021biativ\u0103 a UE de combatere a dezinform\u0103rii, EUvsDisinfo, a adunat cele mai frecvente \u0219i mai periculoase mituri – \u0219i adesea minciuni.\u00a0 Mitul 1: Tensiunile actuale sunt rezultatul unui comportament agresiv persistent al Ucrainei \u0219i al alia\u021bilor s\u0103i din Occident. Rusia nu face altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i apere interesele legitime \u0219i nu poart\u0103 responsabilitatea pentru acest conflict Fals. Adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 Rusia continu\u0103<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":158689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[427],"tags":[1645],"post_flags":[1883,1866],"countries":[1074,1075,1076,1077,1078,1079],"eunlocking_industries":[],"locations":[],"opportunity_categories":[],"publication_types":[],"topics":[818,820,822],"yea_countries":[],"yea_event_places":[],"activity_types":[],"class_list":["post-158907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news","tag-euvsdisinfo-6","post_flag-is-featured","post_flag-not-featured-ro","country-armenia","country-azerbaijan","country-belarus","country-georgia","country-moldova","country-ukraine","topic-media","topic-political-relations","topic-security"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEUvsDisinfo demonteaz\u0103 \u0219apte dintre cele mai populare mituri despre conflictul actual dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina - EU NEIGHBOURS east<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/euneighbourseast.eu\/ro\/news\/latest-news\/euvsdisinfo-demonteaza-sapte-dintre-cele-mai-populare-mituri-despre-conflictul-actual-dintre-rusia-si-ucraina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EUvsDisinfo demonteaz\u0103 \u0219apte dintre cele mai populare mituri despre conflictul actual dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina - EU NEIGHBOURS east\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ucraina apar\u021bine Rusiei, iar conflictul este din vina NATO, a Occidentului \u0219i a Ucrainei \u00eens\u0103\u0219i, afirm\u0103 presa pro-Kremlin, care acoper\u0103 actualul conflict dintre Rusia \u0219i Ucraina. Ca reac\u021bie la acest nou val de dezinformare r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit de Rusia, principala ini\u021biativ\u0103 a UE de combatere a dezinform\u0103rii, EUvsDisinfo, a adunat cele mai frecvente \u0219i mai periculoase mituri – \u0219i adesea minciuni.\u00a0 Mitul 1: Tensiunile actuale sunt rezultatul unui comportament agresiv persistent al Ucrainei \u0219i al alia\u021bilor s\u0103i din Occident. Rusia nu face altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i apere interesele legitime \u0219i nu poart\u0103 responsabilitatea pentru acest conflict Fals. 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